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Marc Pulisci

Understanding how match conditions can affect your performance

This is an article ‘Understanding how match conditions can affect your performance’ by Marc Pulisci


It's always critical for younger players to have a thorough grasp of various playing environments. For their development, young athletes need to practice on all surfaces and in all kinds of weather. They should begin to recognize the optimal settings for them as they gain experience and concentrate on these to improve their chances of performing at their peak. The playing environment starts to significantly affect a player's performance once that player gets older and acquires a game style.



Even though there are many things to consider, if you develop better routines, you can perform closer to your full potential. Establishing a routine is crucial. Of course, it takes more than just a quick warm-up to prepare for a game. As a young player’s training progresses, several tactics to master and practice frequently will come to light, not to mention the need to adjust to external factors.


Weather factors, including temperature, wind, the sun, the field's surface, the game of the opposition, the caliber of the balls, the players' equipment, and the excited spectators at the field's edge, all become external factors every player has to consider before playing the court.


Aside from the obvious ones, here are two more important factors that play a huge role in how you can perform on the court:


Tennis balls


Despite the significant impact that tennis balls have on the dynamics of a match, many junior players may not even be aware of what type of ball they are using. It is a common misconception for players to believe that all balls are the same, but the reality is quite the opposite. The size, weight, bounce, and durability of tennis balls can vary, resulting in different reactions on the court.


Professional competitions use official balls regulated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), allowing for size and weight variations within a permissible range. Tennis balls must have a diameter between 2.57 and 2.70 inches and a weight between 1.975 and 2.095 ounces to meet the federation's requirements.


The type of balls used can significantly affect the playing conditions at tournaments. Players who prefer to play aggressively and finish points quickly are better suited to faster balls and may struggle when facing medium-paced balls. With numerous types of balls available, it is essential to understand how they can impact a player's playing style on the court.


Court surface


The type of tournament playing surface can significantly impact a player's performance in every match, whether a hard court, clay, or grass. Even if a player only competes on one type of surface, each court has its own unique playing style. For instance, on a hardcourt, the bounce can be quick or sluggish, low or high, which can have a massive effect on a youngster's ability to play effectively.


You may have noticed that certain professionals consistently excel at specific grand slam tournaments each year. Roger Federer is a perfect example of a player who favors the quicker, lower-bouncing grass courts at Wimbledon. On the other hand, Rafael Nadal's style of play works best for slow, high-bouncing clay courts, which is why he has been so successful at the French Open.


​​Here are some common characteristics of the main court surfaces and the game styles that are most suitable for each:


1. Hard courts


Hard courts offer a consistent and reliable bounce, with the ball potentially bouncing anywhere from low to high. The speed of the court can range from slow to quick, and the surface is generally suitable for standard motion with minimal slipping.


In terms of game style, explosive baseline players and those who hit the ball flatter and play an all-court game will benefit from playing on fast, low-bouncing hardcourts. On the other hand, players who rely on spin and persistence may perform better on slow, high-bouncing hardcourts. A moderate court with medium bounce can be an excellent leveler for all players, with no particular playing style having a competitive edge.


The annual Australian Open is a prime example of a grand slam tournament played on a neutral court surface.


2. Clay courts


Clay courts can pose a challenge if not properly groomed, as an uneven surface can cause the ball to go off the edges. However, they typically offer a higher-than-average bounce, and the ball tends to hold the court, making the top spin on groundstrokes and serves more effective.


The speed of play on a clay court is generally slower, especially when the court has recently been watered. However, as the court dries, the speed increases.


Compared to hardcourts, players need to use a different range of motion on clay courts, with the most significant difference being the need to slide into the ball rather than after it. Players who use hardcourt footwork on clay are more likely to slip after the stroke, losing 1-2 meters with each shot and significantly reducing their effectiveness.


In terms of game style, players who rely on moderate to heavy topspin, persistence, patience, and good ball-sliding skills will find a home in clay courts, as the surface is typically slow and high-bouncing. However, all-court attacking players may find it more challenging to make winners and score easy points on this surface.


3. Grass courts


Grass courts typically have a low bounce and uneven surfaces, making the bounce unpredictable and requiring players to adjust their game accordingly.


The speed of the court is usually fast, but it can vary depending on how the grass is spread out. Players can move as they usually would on a hard court because they cannot slide, but due to the court's low bounce, players must lower their center of gravity more than usual.


In terms of game style, all-court hitters who like to pick up the ball early and attack, big servers, serve-volleyers, and players who prefer to play first-strike tennis are well-suited to this surface. These players tend to hit the ball flatter and lower than others.


Combining external and internal factors


Junior players should learn to play on various court surfaces to enhance their adaptability and observational skills. More experienced players already know how to adjust their strategies better to gain an advantage over their opponents.


It all starts with recognizing the effects of different conditions and adapting accordingly. The rest of your performance upgrade will rely on how much practice and training, mental toughness, and injury prevention you can really put yourself through.


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